Volume 5 Issue 1

In this study the results obtained from the previous theoretical and practical studies were examined and the factors that determine foreign trade were analyzed. For this purpose, considering the annual data belongs to 1994-2016 period unit root test, Co-integration test, short-term VAR analysis and Granger Causality analysis were performed in order to determine the relationship and the direction of impact between foreign trade balance and determinants of foreign trade. As a result of the econometric analysis we obtained parallel results with the previous literature. While positive relationship has been found between foreign trade balance and foreign direct investments, foreign income and reel exchange rate, negative relationship has been found between domestic consumption and reel interest rate.

This research was conducted to identify the condition of village institutions, to design the reinforcement model of village institutions in Lhokseumawe city and to obtain a synergy role model of stakeholders in developing a creative economy in the rural area of Lhokseumawe city. The data used in this research was primary data and secondary data. The research methods were qualitative and quantitative. The results indicated that the conditions of village institutions in Lhokseumawe city were generally still weak, namely that village officials were still less educated and lack understanding of the new rules issued by the central government. The reinforcement model of village institutions in Lhokseumawe should be based on the reinforcement of village officials through training and empowering, programs which should be conducted by the government for society's welfare through empowering the creative economy. The successful implementation of the creative economy should be supported by the synergy role of the Stakeholders. Lhokseumawe city is has a lot of potential for developing a creative economy because there are many resources with potential, such as natural and human resources that can be developed.

The financial crises of 2007-2008, caused wide-spread falling output and unemployment, in the affected countries and also globally. The severity of the recession was such that it was called the “Great Recession”. As a result of an increase in demand from China and India, at the same time, oil prices rose significantly. The empirical results from this study show that oil price changes negatively affected global growth rate in the 1970s but not in the 1990s and 2000s. These results suggest that the Great Recession in 2008 that initiated by the financial crises, was independent of a significant rise in oil prices.

This paper explores longitudinally and globally the relationships between cultural clusters and the determinants that drive market potentiality. The research shows differences in variances in all 7 determinants using a longitudinal one way Anova method and an Estimated Size Effect. Conclusions show three revealing issues: 1.There is significance in all Market Potentiality Index determinants with the exception of “Market Intensity and Market Receptivity”. 2. The clusters do not show significant differences according to the MPI determinants with the regular exception of Latin American cluster. 3. The results obtained after the estimated effect size analysis show that Commercial Infrastructure and Country Risk are the most important factors which influence on the variability of the clusters.